For your reading pleasure, a Guest Post from Leauger Tobin Rachford;
If you enjoy spending time inside
the mind of a true warrior, then you would almost certainly enjoy
making the acquaintance of Orestes Augustus Brownson (1803-76), a
bearded eminence of the nineteenth century (which was a century of
really great beards) who deserves to be much better known, and a worthy
precursor of Catholic controversialists like Chesterton and Belloc. Unlike
the “flagship four” of TLBC (Tolkien, Lewis, Belloc & Chesterton),
however, Orestes Brownson is distinctly and proudly American, a
defender of the Catholic church in American public life whose final
resting place is the crypt church beneath the Basilica of the Sacred
Heart on the campus of the University of Notre Dame.
Brownson
was a true spiritual pilgrim who never gave up on the trail of truth
until it brought him home happily and inexorably to eternal Rome. [[Born
in Stockbridge, Vermont, his upbringing was Congregationalist, and he
joined the Presbyterian church in 1822 with the idea of becoming a
missionary. He soon found the generally dour
tone of Calvinism, as well as the doctrines of unconditional election
and double predestination, to be objectionable, and by 1824 he was
calling himself just a “christian,” or a Universalist. He
was an ordained Universalist minster from 1826 to 1829, but he soon
abandoned belief in divine revelation, the divinity of Christ, and the
future judgment. He never abandoned his natural sympathy for the working classes, however, and he pursued a path of “Free Enquiry” while working on various projects for the betterment of society. He was ardently anti-slavery. During
this time in his life he followed simply “The Religion of Humanity” and
set himself up as an independent minister in 1831. In
1832 he allied himself with the Unitarians, where he stayed put for
about 12 years, serving as a pastor and contributing to various
literary Reviews. A fervent Democrat (pre-Martin
van Buren, of course), he enthusiastically embraced the philosophies of
Locke and Jefferson, adding in some ideas from the European Socialists
and the Saint Simonians as part of a broadside attack on the incipient
industrial and wage-labor system. In 1840 he reached the point of calling for the complete abolition of Christianity, as he then understood it. His
vigorous mind could not be content with any doctrinaire materialism,
however, and “The Mediatorial Life of Jesus,” which he wrote in 1842,
already marks a step on the road to Catholicism.
In October, 1844, Orestes Brownson came home to the Catholic Church and was received by Bishop Fitzpatrick of Boston. American
Catholicism of the 1840’s was still largely a working man’s religion,
peopled by immigrants from the Old Country, honest and generous, but
largely uneducated and lacking the intellectual formation to defend
their faith in public. Brownson
was immediately at home with his new co-religionists, and, like a true
Crusader vowed to defend the weak and the helpless, he plunged into the
fray with his facile pen. **
A
running argument throughout all of Brownson’s mature years is the idea
that nothing is more necessary for the preservation of constitutional
democracy and popular government than Catholicity. Catholicity is wholly averse to the revolutionary mindset, and is disinclined to tear down the existing order of things. It is unlikely, therefore, to initiate democratic government where it does not already exist. The
Church, however, is able to pursue its task of saving souls under any
form of civil society, and Catholicity is without parallel in forming
those qualities of intellect and virtue which are necessary to sustain
a free citizenry. A
robust, no-holds-barred and no-prisoners-taken presentation of Catholic
doctrine and the Church’s social teaching was the missionary labor
which Brownson undertook out of love for his fellow countrymen. He wrote:
...the
times, if I read them aright, demand Catholicity in its strength, not
in its weakness; in its supernatural authority and power, not as
reduced to pure rationalism or mere human sentimentality. What
is needed in these times – perhaps in all times – is the truth that
condemns, point-blank, the spirit of the age, and gives no quarter to
its dominant errors; and nothing can be more fatal than to seek to
effect a compromise with them, or to form an alliance with what is
called liberalism, – a polite name for sedition, rebellion, and
revolutionism. Let the American people become
truly Catholic and submissive children of the Holy Father, and their
republic is safe; let them refuse and seek safety for the secular order
in sectarianism or secularism, and nothing can save it from
destruction.
For those interested in learning more about Orestes Brownson (“The Greatest Writer of the 19th Century”), a good place to start is the website for the Orestes Brownson Society:
http://www.orestesbrownson.com/
The
website includes information about Brownson’s biography, an on-line
version of his writings, a bookstore, and contact information for the
Society.
"The world does not ignore the lion who has roared."
** The main venue for Brownson’s literary output was Brownson’s Quarterly Review, first published in 1844, and running (with a gap from 1865 until 1872) until 1875. There
is an accessible edition of Brownson’s collected works, in 20 volumes
and totaling nearly 12,000 pages (!), by AMS Press (1966). A quick summary of those volumes suggests the range and scope of Brownson’s vast oeuvre: philosophy
(3 volumes), some heterodox writings from his pre-Catholic years (1
volume), controversial works (4 volumes), scientific theories (1
volume), civilization (4 volumes), the development of doctrine and
Christian morality (1 volume), politics (4 volumes), popular literature
(1 volume), and some miscellaneous writings (1 volume).
The above recommendation was
written by Tobin Thomas Rachford, currently of Georgia, a former
soldier who enjoys nineteenth-century Catholic authors, Thomistic
philosophy, and good pipe tobacco.
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